Study Finds Fear Runs High in Mixed Martial Artists
There was a fascinating paper that ran in Social Psychology Quarterly titled "Managing Emotional Manhood: Fighting and Fostering Fear in Mixed Martial Arts." The paper focused on how deep fear runs in even such supposedly "manly" men as mixed martial artists and the social mandate that such emotional reactions be hidden.
A small sample from early in the paper:
While fighters in the locker room prepared for combat in the cage, two men from the previous fight staggered in. Juan1-the victor-had shiny contusions under both eyes and made it to a folding chair where he sat staring into space. As two paramedics tried to keep him conscious, he cracked a smile with swollen lips and tried unsuccessfully to communicate meaningfully. As the paramedics carried Juan off on a stretcher, Mike-his opponent-leaned against a wall and talked with his trainer. As blood flowed from his nose and mouth, Mike began to sob. His trainer handed him a towel, which he brought to his face with shaking hands. When asked if he was upset about Juan, he pulled away the bloodied towel and said, "I don't like losing."
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Although MMA fighters' emotion management may appear unique, it reflects a long-lived cultural mandate that "real men" control their fear and other emotions (Kimmel 1996). Peers (Fine 1987), parents (McGuffey 2008), and coaches (Messner 1992) often ostracize boys who express fear, pain, empathy, and sadness. Boys learn that they are supposed to exhibit emotional restraint and "quiet control" (Messner 2009:96). As adults, men often face fear, whether at work (Haas 1977), on the street (Anderson 1999), or in leisure activities (Holyfield and Fine 1997). And not letting fear get the best of you-exhibiting bravery-is a culturally revered quality of manhood (see e.g., Connell 1995). But how do men control their emotions, and what does this have to with gender identity?
More after the jump...
The paper also talked about some of what motivated the fear that they faced:
MMA fighters most commonly talked about fearing injury and losing. Fighters understood how painful injuries were and that serious ones could end their fighting careers, or worse. There have been two well-publicized deaths of fighters resulting from brain injuries sustained in North American MMA fights since 2007. Although interviewees agreed that, as Rocky put it, "in most cases you're going to come out of it [and] you're going to live," death lurked in the shadows of the cage. When asked what he worried about before his fights, for example, Kenneth said, "You are wondering if they are thinking of this incredible move that is really going to kill you." Dominic said, "This sport is not golf; you can't get hurt or killed playing golf." The possibility of death elevated MMA's manhood quotient.
...
In addition to fearing injury, cage fighters also feared losing. Casey feared looking "like a chump in front of all these people . . . if you get knocked out at your first fight in three seconds, then that's all they will remember." Mike said, "You really don't want to let your family or teammates down," and Kenneth said, "The name of the [MMA] school is kind of riding on you. You have to represent for your school." Minutes after Dean lost a fight, he said, "I feel like shit! I came out in front of my hometown and I got tapped out in like under a minute." Buster said "the feeling of losing is the worst feeling in the world, especially when you sell 100 tickets and you have a lot of your friends and family there." Jimmy said that when a fight starts going bad: "You start getting down on yourself. Like, ‘Oh no, he's going to get the chicken wing-he got the chicken wing and it hurts. Ow! I look stupid out here. I'm losing.'" Echoing others, these men suggested that they feared losing because it made them feel embarrassed and ashamed-emotions that are antithetical to cultural definitions of manhood.
It's an interesting thing to have been around the sport in various capacities and hearing how often guys talk about "nerves" and such. I actually trained with a pro fighter with well over thirty fights for a period of time to whom I confessed that I felt some degree of nerves before heavy sparring sessions, even after having sparred in boxing gyms prior to training at an MMA gym.
He said that he felt the same thing even after fighting for over ten years. That the possibility of even being embarrassed in the gym never really faded for him. Even in this space that is meant to teach, where failure should provide room for improvement, the nerves still existed.
It's interesting how well they captured the backstage atmosphere of fights and give a readable (but still scientific) overview of the fear driven motivations of the fighter.
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Wow, great essay.
It takes a special kind of man to be able to be an elite fighter. The entire idea of willfully subjecting yourself to unarmed combat is kind of… well, dumb. But as they say- if you’re gonna be dumb, you’ve gotta be tough.
"God loves violence... Why else would there be so much of it? It's in us. It's what we are. We wage war, we burn sacrifices, and pillage and plunder and tear at the flesh of our brothers. And why? Because God gave us violence to wage in his honor... There's no moral order at all. There's just this: can my violence conquer yours?"
- Warden of Ashecliffe Hospital
Good morning Brent. Thanks for sharing. It would help if you mentioned that you have to have to register and sign in to access the article.
Thanks for sharing.
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"When I watched it, it's like I became a fan of myself, too" - Frankie Edgar on UFC 136
"I actually held public office and I left the only way a politician should, in handcuffs" - Chael Sonnen
"but if there's anyone who wants to finish fights it's me." - GSP
Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$32.00.
While I think this article is fascinating . . . I’m not paying $32 bucks. Am I missing something? Is there a way around it?
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"When I watched it, it's like I became a fan of myself, too" - Frankie Edgar on UFC 136
"I actually held public office and I left the only way a politician should, in handcuffs" - Chael Sonnen
"but if there's anyone who wants to finish fights it's me." - GSP
by VeeisAnimated on Dec 15, 2011 9:22 AM EST up reply actions
I didn't get that message. Weird.
"If you think, you're late. If you're late, you muscle. If you muscle, you get tired. If you tired, you die. When you die is when you tap..."
-Saulo Ribeiro
Wait a tick....yes I did. Fuck.
"If you think, you're late. If you're late, you muscle. If you muscle, you get tired. If you tired, you die. When you die is when you tap..."
-Saulo Ribeiro
I’m not going to take the time to find out whether it’s a legal copy, so you aren’t getting a link, but if you google the title in quotes and put “filetype:pdf” at the end you’ll find it.
Never mind
I just looked at the link and noticed its from the “American Sociological Association.” Probably legit.
http://www.asanet.org/images/journals/docs/pdf/spq/Dec11SPQFeature.pdf
by cmsove on Dec 15, 2011 9:33 AM EST up reply actions 2 recs
You ROCK!
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"When I watched it, it's like I became a fan of myself, too" - Frankie Edgar on UFC 136
"I actually held public office and I left the only way a politician should, in handcuffs" - Chael Sonnen
"but if there's anyone who wants to finish fights it's me." - GSP
by VeeisAnimated on Dec 15, 2011 11:58 AM EST up reply actions
Good read.
This makes me think of watching MMA or Kickboxing from Japan
The manliest thing is being brave enough to cry afterwards.
Sheeeeeeeee-it
by Clay Davis on Dec 15, 2011 9:22 AM EST reply actions 1 recs
I get scared and nervous just WATCHING my favorite fighters compete...
I highly appreciate the fortitude it takes for an individual to step into the cage and risk their health for my entertainment.
by I_Mad on Dec 15, 2011 9:28 AM EST via mobile reply actions
Seriously....
Every time I watch certain fighters fight my heart speeds the fuck up.
Nog almost gave me a heart attack when he rocked Mir.
"Last time a Russian hit a brother that hard, Ivan Drago killed Apollo Creed"- Some guy on Sherdog, referencing Fedor vs Rogers
This
When Randy fought Brock, my pulse was 142 beats per minute (I’m a nurse and a geek, so I checked, lol). I was so jacked for that fight.
I think the whole world's heart rate jumped for that fight
I never get more physically exhilarated than I do for Lesnar fights. It’s something else.
Mike Massenzio's left MCL, ACL and PCL
11/01/1982-01/14/2012
by Charles Awad on Dec 15, 2011 12:39 PM EST up reply actions
my heart used to POUND in nervous anxiety
Before every post- pride Fedor fight. I wasn’t a fight fan until Pride had basically folded, but Fedor was always my favorite fighter since being introduced to the sport.
by Connoisseur on Dec 15, 2011 9:58 AM EST via mobile up reply actions 1 recs
Butchered quote:
“Bravery isn’t about being fearless in the face of danger. It is taking action despite the fear.”
You can't really butcher a quote that has no determined source
Every famous person alive has said some version of this.
Fear is a good, healthy thing
Being unafraid of danger isn’t courage, it’s stupid. The difference between fighters and the general population is that they learn to manage their fear.
Frank Mir’s talked about how he’s scared to death before a fight and he goes through this litany of “oh my God what have I gotten myself into” thoughts. In the post-fight after he beat Nogueira (the first time), he said he’d never been more scared in his life than when he walked down the ramp. But then he goes out and looks cool as a cucumber.
Alive
You’re right, it’s like the threat of death, injury or defeat makes you more prepared. Sometimes, when I’d drive like a maniac or do something stupid as a kid, it made me feel more alive than at any time in my life. Having the rush of the fans at your back and a dude that could kill you or seriously injury must be full of pressure. It’s probably a rush.
"Myths are made for the imagination to breath life into them" -Albert Camus
by Michael Shulski on Dec 15, 2011 9:39 AM EST up reply actions
It's a thin line between fear and exhilaration
I believe your brain produces the same or similar chemicals for both (and also for sexual arousal).
And this is kind of random, but I also remember Rashad doing a funny Mike Tyson impression of Tyson telling him “Fear can destroy you if you let it, but if you harness it, you can do great things.” Except it sounds a lot sillier because of Tyson’s lisp.
I think the feeling of being "alive" is from being drawn into the present moment via fear...
…most of the time we’re caught up in our own stream of thoughts and self-talk. When a powerful emotion like fear comes into play one becomes hyperfocused on the here-and-now.
I'm no Michael Bisping.
I read an interview in Black Belt, I think, with Mir where he talked about getting into martial arts so that he could understand violence. He said most people are afraid of violence so much that they avoid it at all costs. Other people are afraid of violence but pretend that they aren’t by inciting violence. Mir didn’t want either of those.
I thought it was a pretty profound sentiment. If Mir could just be honest and smart like this all the time I’d actually be a fan.
by mcgriff on Dec 15, 2011 9:54 AM EST up reply actions 2 recs
Mir is usually honest and smart.
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"When I watched it, it's like I became a fan of myself, too" - Frankie Edgar on UFC 136
"I actually held public office and I left the only way a politician should, in handcuffs" - Chael Sonnen
"but if there's anyone who wants to finish fights it's me." - GSP
by VeeisAnimated on Dec 15, 2011 12:17 PM EST up reply actions 3 recs
Other than some of his douchy “fight hype” comments, Mir is one of the most well-spoken fighters.
by Machiel Van on Dec 15, 2011 12:19 PM EST up reply actions
Thanks
I took a sociology of gender class in college a few years back and it dealt with these same issues how we as guys are sometimes expected to stuff feelings of doubt, fear and shame when we lose. Sometimes, it doesn’t work. Remember Forest erupting into tears after the Jardine fight? Also, this stuff has gotten better for us guys actually since the 80s and 90s. Guys are now more willing to their coaches and buddies when they have self doubt. Jon Jones showed it to Greg Jackson after round one of his fight this weekend. Anyway, we have the bro hug now and I don’t even mind when fighters cry after fights. Things aren’t all that bad.
"Myths are made for the imagination to breath life into them" -Albert Camus
by Michael Shulski on Dec 15, 2011 9:35 AM EST reply actions
Just Bleed!
Visit fiveouncesofpain.com
by RECE ROCK on Dec 15, 2011 9:40 AM EST reply actions 5 recs
I’ve never seen this pic before, but it seems appropriate here.

by Machiel Van on Dec 15, 2011 12:21 PM EST up reply actions 4 recs
sounds like an interesting essay.
I find it incredbile how some people show virtually no fear in the cage but they have the same reaction to the fight as surely all of us would. I think TUF has done a decent job of showing how nervous some fighters are, especially knowing whats on the line. The not being able to sleep, throwing up, crying, ect. My friend described his first fight as a massive adredaline dump. Competitveness in guys plays a huge factor. Its embarassing when someone shows you up in basketball which is a team sport and youre not singled out as much. I couldnt imagine everyone just watching you and your opponent and everything lying on your shoulders. We see how most baseball players react to striking out.
"is my penis really small, or are my thighs just really big?"
or we dont.
since id doubt very many if any at all of us watch baseball. baseball fans and mma fans are probably a vastly different demographic.
"is my penis really small, or are my thighs just really big?"

-AboveThisFire
The mat is my church, the ground is my heaven, Jiu-Jitsu is my religion. And once you hit the ground you're in my world. My world is like the ocean, I’m like a shark and most people don't even know how to swim - Draculino
If I live in a castle and you want to kill me, storming the gates is probably not the best idea. You'd do a lot better hitting me in the head with a brick when I come out for the mail. -Ryan Hall
I then rip off my shirt and do like a hulk scream and pose and then say to the kid " don’t you no I would fucking destroy you are you fucking retarded? -Areyouforreal
by Patrick Tenney on Dec 15, 2011 9:47 AM EST reply actions 6 recs
What about WMMA?
Women also fight. They also control their fear. Is this because these women are reflecting a cultural mandate to be “real men”?
Maybe fighters control their fear because they wouldn’t be very good at fighting if they didn’t.
and women.
If your wife owes money to Jackie Treehorn... that means you owe money to Jackie Treehorn.
by John Danaher's Hair on Dec 15, 2011 10:00 AM EST up reply actions
I've gotten the absolute shit kicked out of me twice in my life...
both were years ago, yet those intense visceral feelings remain, from deep embarrassment and shame to pure rage. Many athletes (and people) have to deal with fear of failure, but it’s a different ballgame when failure includes the experience of getting beat up. Getting handled in a fight is such a unique and terrible experience- from the dulled thump of fists hitting your head to the sharp pain of facial skin breaking, it’s really a one of a kind humiliation and if you’ve experienced that, you’re going to have a very specific fear of going through it again, whether man, woman or child.
I don’t agree with the gender identity stuff, I mean, of course it exists, but it’s better now than it’s ever been, just like it’ll be better in 5 years than it is now. Fighters regularly (Leben, Barry, Mir, Jones, etc.) admit to feeling fear prior to fights to the point of questioning what they’re even doing, and there’s no negative backlash from fans for verbalizing those feelings. Basically, I agree that those feelings exist within the fighter community, I’m just not sure how much is attributable to gender identity traits.
If your wife owes money to Jackie Treehorn... that means you owe money to Jackie Treehorn.
by John Danaher's Hair on Dec 15, 2011 10:00 AM EST reply actions
The authors of the piece
Are working within a particular subset of academic psychology that focuses on gender identity. The piece isn’t really about MMA fighters so much as it is the performance of masculinity with fighters serving as the most stereotypically masculine figures out there (a debatable assumption, IMO). There’s something to it all, but if you’re not familiar with the discipline within which the authors are working (and I’m not saying I am) it’s not going to look real convincing off the bat.
"Denique nullumst iam dictum quod non dictum sit prius."-- Terence
"By doubting we come to inquiry and by inquiry we perceive the truth." -- Abelard
by Patrick Wyman on Dec 15, 2011 1:28 PM EST up reply actions
Some of these quotes are Things I’ve said to myself verbatim. We know our opponent experience fear and nervousness… But for some reason you don’t truly realize it. Ive fought, I’ve reassured fighters. I’ve doubted myself and I’ve risen to the occasion and it’s never really sinks in that everyone experiences that until you are reminded of it by seeing something like this. This article was written just for me because I really needed to read this. Now I want to book my next fight, lol.
"I’m anti-stalling, not anti-wrestling." - lowellthehammer
http://www.tenacityfighter.info/Tenacity_fighter/Welcome.html
by JaeeJaee on Dec 15, 2011 10:02 AM EST via mobile reply actions
True.
Everyone, except the psychotic, experience these feelings. It’s always about how well you can mask them that gives you the psychological edge in a fight. If you can make the other guy believe that you have no fear—you have an edge. However, fear is a biological trait that we ALL have given to us for survival. No one can deny it. It’s built into us.
I'm no Michael Bisping.
I work at a college bar as a bouncer that gets anywhere from 800-1500 people per weekend night. Even with this job, there are times when I feel fear and have nervous thoughts reeling through my mind. From being severely out numbered to not being as big and tall as most of the drunk idiot customers. It’s strange though because once a fight breaks out or I have to defend myself, all those nerves and thoughts go out the window and instinct takes over. I have been put on my back before, I remember feeling embarrassed and thinking, “I can’t go out like this in front of all these people.” For the record I was able to pull gaurd, sweep him, take his back and sunk in the choke. Thank you Miletich MMA! Haha
Be a man, not a child-Phil Anselmo
by ANance on Dec 15, 2011 11:12 AM EST via mobile reply actions 3 recs
i always thought about doing some bouncing.
and always considered the dangers of the job as a reason not to. especially when i hear a lot of bouncers carry guns or wear vests. that doesnt necessary scream “THIS JOB IS COMPLETELY SAFE”
"is my penis really small, or are my thighs just really big?"
It isn't safe:
There are no rules or ref’s to make sure youo won’t get hurt. Guns, knives and a whole host of other weapons/make shift weapons come into play. You couldn’t pay me enough to do a job like that.
I'm no Michael Bisping.
The bar I work at is a college bar so weapons being brought in isn’t ever a problem. I have some good co-workers that always have my back, plus two on duty uniform cops that work in the bar. That doesn’t always keep you in the clear though. As we all know, fights happen in a split second and you just gotta be ready to jump in an do what it takes to break it up. If you can find the right bar to work in it’s easy extra money and an endless supply of women. :-)
Be a man, not a child-Phil Anselmo
by ANance on Dec 15, 2011 4:12 PM EST via mobile up reply actions
I bounce part time, and most of the time it’s no big deal. The worst I’ve experienced is shoving and accidentally being struck by other people fighting. I don’t know if it’s because I’m so big, or because I’m almost never the only guy breaking up a fight. Also, bouncing in Santa Rosa CA isn’t exactly bouncing in South Central LA.
I wouldn’t say bouncing is particularly dangerous, as long as you aren’t bouncing in a dangerous neighborhood.
Yeah, bouncing is not always dangerous. Depends on the location and what not. I bounced for a summer in college.
This is so true. This discussion can be summed up in one word: Anxiety.
It’s that fear of the unknown and being knee deep in shit. Once you’re knee deep in shit, the fear is gone and you react.
This part stuck out for me
Although MMA fighters’ emotion management may appear unique, it reflects a long-lived cultural mandate that “real men” control their fear and other emotions (Kimmel 1996).
This is very true. Men and even boys being told to control their emotions and fears is a big part of our society. I remember this one time I was about seven or eight. I was riding my bike and my father was running next to me. I remember I wanted to show off for my father, so I let go of the handlebars and put my hands in the air to show how I could ride my bike without my hands. I had done this many times in the past with no problems, but this time I hit a rock and lost control. It was a really bad wipe out. Like, really bad. I had blood everywhere and I remember crying. My dad ran up to me, looked and me and laughed, saying, “Stop crying.” I remember looking at him and immediately I stopped crying. Then later that night he reinforced it to me, saying that the only time it is acceptable for a man to cry is when he is mourning the death of his parents.
A second time, when I was older, about fifteen, I once again fell off my bike and this time I had a big hole in my knee. I remember limping home with blood everywhere. When I got home, my mother freaked out and insisted I go to the hospital. My father, however, told me to man up and that I didn’t need to go to the hospital. I still have a large scar on my knee from the cut not healing properly.
I think the moral of the story is clear: I suck at riding bikes. Seriously though, I think the way we treat boys and our expectations of them has to be re-examined.
"You've got Floyd Mayweather making $25 million. He can't stop a double-leg..." Nick Diaz.
Twitter - @pud333 Follow me and I shall lead you to the promised land!
Interesting story.
I’ll tell you one thing. I really hate when I see men and women reprimand a young boy for crying. Wait, I specifically do not like when adults tell young boys they are not related to that boys shouldn’t cry. Society doesn’t need more emotionally arrested young male adults. I’ve seen many strangers take it upon themselves to re-enforce that crap on young boys, even toddlers! If a kid’s dad or mom says it, wel then . . . I can’t touch that.
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"When I watched it, it's like I became a fan of myself, too" - Frankie Edgar on UFC 136
"I actually held public office and I left the only way a politician should, in handcuffs" - Chael Sonnen
"but if there's anyone who wants to finish fights it's me." - GSP
by VeeisAnimated on Dec 15, 2011 12:34 PM EST up reply actions
It’s getting better. If you talk to your grandpa and then talk to your dad, chances are your grandpa’s way more macho/restrained than your dad. And if you look at your grandpa’s heroes, they tend to be stoic, hyper-masculine dudes like Clint Eastwood. Your dad probably had a much wider variety of pop culture icons, and we have even more.
Your getting into a cage with another man who wants to smash your face in. Being scared is perfectly normal. I’ve heard stories of guys puking and freaking out before a fight, and then totally changing once the bell rings.
by discoandherpes on Dec 15, 2011 11:56 AM EST reply actions
On twitter the other day
Bas Rutten was talking about an amateur fighter at a show he was attending pulling out of the fight just before he was scheduled to walk out, and how he attempted to convince the guy not to quit — it was a pretty interesting anecdote.
"Denique nullumst iam dictum quod non dictum sit prius."-- Terence
"By doubting we come to inquiry and by inquiry we perceive the truth." -- Abelard
by Patrick Wyman on Dec 15, 2011 1:30 PM EST up reply actions
Great article. I think it helps bring to context the whole adrenaline dump excuses that come up after fights.
I mean fear and anxiety are precursors to adrenaline
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Follow @GabeMadridNYC
Cool article, I'll never forget how nervous I was for my first fight...
Even in the weeks leading up to it, I was feeling sick with nerves. Made me train so much harder, cut weight harder and then the fight was all over in 1:30. One of my coaches grabbed me at one point and said “people that get nervous like this and get put in these situations enjoy their lives more”. That definitely stuck
Don't be scared Gomi...

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